Abstract
1. Idiopathic scoliosis is a familial condition.
2. The findings suggest either dominant or multiple gene inheritance, but a larger series is needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn.
3. The infantile and adolescent types of scoliosis seem to share the same basic etiology, because their families contain instances of each.
4. Infants with resolving scoliosis have affected relatives in the same proportions as in the main group, suggesting this is a mild form of the same disorder.
5. In this series all infants seen with scoliosis under one year of age had plagiocephaly, which was usually transient.
6. Mental defect and epilepsy are the commonest findings associated with scoliosis.
7. In adolescent scoliosis the age of the mother is significantly raised by comparison with the expected figure for the normal population.
