Aim: The outcome of pelvic fractures are dependent on the anatomic reduction and stabilization of these fractures. Treatment of these fractures evolved recently and percutaneous treatment became the choice of treatment in most cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of percutaneous treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.

Material and Methods: Twenty patients (11 female, 9 male) who had unstable pelvic fractures treated percutaneously between August 2004 and August 2006 formed the basis of study. Hospital charts, pre and postoperative PA, inlet and outlet pelvis X-rays, computed tomographies evaluated. Fractures are classified according to Young and Burgess and Injury severity scores(ISS) were calculated. SF-36 health related outcome scores, Majeed scores, Iowa Pelvic scores and Pelvic outcome scores (that also evaluates postoperative X-rays for residual anterior and posterior displacement) were calculated for the assesment of outcome.

Results: The mean age of the patients were 32(11–66) The minimum follow-up was 2 years with a mean of 33,3(24–48). Mean ISS was 31(16–50). Five patients have APC type 3, 3 patients have APC type 2, 3 patients have LC type 2, 4 patients have LC type 3, 4 patients have VS ve 2 patients have CM type injuries. Iliosacral screws are applied to all patients and for 11 patients additional anterior colon screw was applied. One anterior colon screw was removed because of an intraarticular placement and another removed for superficial infection. One iliosacral screw was revised for treatment of pseudoarthrosis. At the last follow-up meanSF-36 pain score was 82 +/−14,9 (normal for urban population: 81.0 ± 20.2) and mean functional SF-36 score was 80.5 +/− 11,8 (normal for urban population: 83.8 ± 20.0). Mean functional pelvic score was 93.3+/−8,7(19 excellent and one good clinical grade) and Iowa pelvic score was 86,2+/−2,8. Mean pelvic outcome score was 33,2+/−3,7 (maximum score is 40)

Conclusion: Percutaneous treatment of unstable pelvic fractures is the treatment of choice as if it avoids extensile approach, bleeding,wound problems and long lasting surgeries. Excellent outcomes can be achieved but since it is a technically challenging procedure good equipment and surgical experience is needed.

Two-staged exchange arthroplasty with an antibiotic-impregnated PMMA cement spacer in-between two stages has a success rate of 85% to 95% in eradication of infection. Use of vancomycine in high doses has a high potential for complications due to nephrotoxicity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of two-staged exchange arthroplasty in infected hip arthroplasty using low-dose vancomycine-impregnated PMMA cement as an interim spacer between stages.

Thirty-five (20 females, 15 males, average age: 60) patients with a confirmed infected total hip arthroplasty who were treated between 1999 and 2005 were the subjects of the study. In the first stage after removal of the prosthesis and debridement, a spacer made of 40 grams of PMMA cement impregnated with 1 gr vancomycine was placed in the infected joint space. Postoperatively, patients were treated with 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics in consultation with an infectious disease consultant. When CRP and ESR returned to normal levels, revision surgery with cementless components was performed.

The average follow-up after the second stage was 4 years. The ESR and CRP decreased significantly before the second stage with this treatment protocol (from 81.28 to 17.54 mm/h p< 0.001 and 10.05 to 0.64 mg/dl respectively, p< 0.001). The mean interval between the two stages was 193.3 days. A second debridement was needed in 4 patients (10.8 %) because they did not respond to treatment. Two patients (5.4 %) had recurrent infections after reimplantation and underwent a resection arthroplasty. None of the patients suffered from antibiotic toxicity.

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty using a low dose vancomycine-impregnated cement spacer was an effective method in treating infected hip replacements. With using a lower dose than previously reported, we were able to avoid antibiotic toxicity while effectively treating our patients with the same success rate.

Aim: Cycling is a common activity after TKA and it has been shown that up to 50 % of the TKA patients are riding a bike and 25 % think that cycling has an important place in their life. The specific contact mechanics of tibiofemoral joint is well known during walking, however, there is little data during cycling for TKA patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the tibiofemoral contact mechanics during cycling for TKA patients.

Methods: We recruited 10 patients implanted with a mobile bearing and 10 patients with a fixed bearing posterior stabilized prosthesis. An age-matched, asymptomatic control group consisted of 10 subjects. The patients were physically examined, and WOMAC index and knee society score were taken. Motion analysis was performed using a retroreflective marker based technique called “PCT”. Forces and moments during cycling were recorded with load cells at the crank shafts of the bike. Motion and load data were synchronized.

Results: Resultant pedal forces showed no significant differences between study groups but the generated impulse was higher in the mobile bearing group. Patients with contra-lateral osteoarthritis showed higher forces and impulse at the operated leg. The motion analysis showed the following mean values ±SD for TKA patients/Normals: maximum flexion angle 132.5° ±16.0°/131.5° ±18.3°, minimum flexion angle 41.4° ±12.0°/40.3° ±15.7°, range of rotation in transversal plane 12.6° ±4.7°/9.9° ±3.6° and range of anterior-posterior translation 5.3 mm ±5.1 mm/2.7 mm ±0.4 mm. There were no significant differences between study groups.

Discussion: In this study, force and impulse of TKA patients with contemporary prostheses were comparable to healthy subjects indicating functional restoration of the joint. Contralateral osteoarthritis may cause higher forces at the operated leg and thus, relatively higher stresses at the artificial articulation.

As expected, the generated forces at the bike pedal were low (20–25% body-weight) calling for little muscle activity and low compressive joint forces. However, with a mean maximum flexion angle of 131.5°, the observed motion ranges were higher than expected. Prostheses not designed for high flexion activities could lose tibio-femoral contact during cycling with detrimental effects on wear. Still, the measured range of rotation in the transverse plane indicates that despite its posterior-stabilized design rotation is taking place with approximately the same amount as it occurs in normal subjects. This may have detrimental effects on the post at the tibial plateau and could explain the previously observed rotational damage patterns on retrieved posterior stabilized TKA specimens.

Data are suggesting that leisure activities should be considered to determine the appropriate TKA design. This study will provide useful data for future design and wear testing scenarios.

We have reviewed 54 patients who had undergone 61 total hip replacements using bulk femoral autografts to augment a congenitally dysplastic acetabulum. There were 52 women and two men with a mean age of 42.4 years (29 to 76) at the time of the index operation. A variety of different prostheses was used: 28 (45.9%) were cemented and 33 (54.1%) uncemented. The graft technique remained unchanged throughout the series.

Follow-up was at a mean of 8.3 years (3 to 20). The Hospital for Special Surgery hip score improved from a mean of 10.7 (4 to 18) pre-operatively to a mean of 35 (28 to 38) at follow-up.

The position of the acetabular component was anatomical in 37 hips (60.7%), displaced less than 1 cm in 20 (32.7%) and displaced more than 1 cm in four (6.6%). Its cover was between 50% and 75% in 34 hips (55.7%) and less than 50% in 25 (41%). In two cases (3.3%), it was more than 75%.

There was no graft resorption in 36 hips (59%), mild resorption in 21 (34%) and severe resorption in four (6%).

Six hips (9.8%) were revised for aseptic loosening. The overall rate of loosening and revision was 14.8%. Overall survival at 8.3 years was 93.4%.

The only significant factor which predicted failure was the implantation of the acetabular component more than 1 cm from the anatomical centre of rotation of the hip.

Introduction: A collar can be defined as any projection from the surface of the proximal third of the femoral stem that interferes with the capacity of the stem to move distally within the cement mantle and provide optimal load distribution along the calcar area. Contraversy exists concerning the usage of a collared or collarless prosthesis and the ability of the collar to perform its effect on the medial femoral neck. The purpose of this study is to compare the proximal femoral bone resorption and aseptic loosening in cases that had poor or good contact between the collar and the proximal medial femoral neck.

Materials& Methods: 102 hybrid total hip arthroplasties which were done for severe hip joint disease were analyzed radiographically in the current study. Pre-operative, immediate post operative and the last follow-up anteroposterior and lateral pelvis radiographies were examined. The medial femoral neck-collar contact was considered to be ideal if the medial femoral neck was fully covered by the prosthesis (group A). Contact was deamed to be poor if the medial femoral neck was partially uncovered (group B) or there was cement interposition between the bone and the prosthesis (group C) Cortical femoral bone thickness of the femoral neck was measured on the immediate post-operative and the latest follow-up radiograph as well as the thicker area of bone in Gruen Zone 7. The medial femoral neck height was measured from the superior border of the lesser trochanter

Results: The mean follow up was 4.86 years. The good contact between the collar and the medial femoral neck was achieved for most of the patients. 55 hips were in group A. 30 hips were in group B and 17 hips were in group C at the latest follow-up. The mean loss in the height of the medial femoral neck was 4.21 mm for group A, 4.26mm for group B and 3.05mm for group C. The difference among the groups was not statiscally significant (p=0.545). As we evaluate the relation between the transverse bone loss in the Gruen Zone 7; the loss was 2.49 for group A, 2.26 for group B and 1.58 for group C. The difference among the groups was not statistically significant (p=0.246)

Discussion: Unloading of the proximal femur leads resorption of the medial femoral neck and the proximal support of the prosthesis can be lost ultimately leading to aseptic failure due to excessive stresses on the proximal cement and debonding. Although the main purpose of using a collared femoral stem is to transfer load to the medial femoral neck and to prevent bone resorption, in the current study the collar did not prevent calcar resorption even when ideal contact was achieved between the collar and proximal medial femoral neck. Revision rate seems to be unchanged whether the collar had good or bad contact.