To highlight the cardiovascular responses of a trainee and supervising consultant while performing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) and to demonstrate the impact that supervision has on both their responses. A third year orthopaedic trainee and his consultant underwent non-invasive, continuous cardiac monitoring while performing three primary TKAs. The consultant performed one TKA with the trainee assisting. The trainee then performed two TKAs as primary surgeon. The consultant supervised one TKA scrubbed and the other un-scrubbed. A third person noted the timing of each distinct intra-operative step. A significant peak was defined as an increase in heart rate (HR) of >10%.Purpose
Methods
