Abstract
Blood loss following total hip replacement is a major contributor to increase morbidity and length of stay. Various techniques have been described to reduce its occurrence. We now follow a set protocol, combining rivaroxaban for thrombo-prophylaxis and tranexamic acid to reduce immediate postoperative bleeding.
Patients and methods:
Using data collected prospectively we looked at 2 groups of consecutive patients undergoing THR. The protocol was the only factor changed during the period studied. Initially we used subcutaneous dalteparin injections and continued use of aspirin in peri-operative period following total hip replacements (Group I–317 patients).
A new protocol was introduced involving rivaroxaban for thrombo-prophylaxis with its first dose at least 8 hours from skin closure and stopping aspirin at least 7 days before operation. In addition tranexamic acid was given in a dose of 500 mg (or 1 gm in obese patients) intravenously just prior to incision (Group II–348 patients).
We compared these two groups regards Hb drop at 24 hours and blood transfusion requirement.
Results:
The average Hb drop at 24 hours postop in group I was 3.08 gm/dl compared to 2.31 in group II. (p<0.001). 62 (19.6%) patients in group I required blood transfusion compared to 11 (3.2%) in group II. (p = 0.001) Perioperative blood loss and length of stay reduction was also significantly different.
There was no increase in number of DVT/PE, but the sample size was too small to assess this statistically.
Conclusion:
This protocol drastically reduces requirement of postoperative blood transfusion requirement helping in reducing the length of stay following hip replacements.
