Abstract
Introduction
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a major cause of morbidity, mortality and financial burden to the NHS. Acquired risk factors are well documented, including immobilisation, lower limb plaster cast and surgery. NICE guidance on VTE prophylaxis within orthopaedics currently excludes operative ankle fracture fixation (ankle ORIF).
Aims
Ascertain the local incidence of VTE; compare our local VTE rates with published data from other institutions; review guidelines, scientific literature and other hospitals policies; formulate a local policy for VTE prophylaxis.
Method
Retrospective analysis of records of all patients undergoing ankle ORIF in our hospital over a continuous 5 year period, identifying cases of VTE, individual risk factors and surgical duration.
Results
380 patients underwent ankle ORIF; 3 developed VTE; no mortality. VTE incidence 0.79% (0.26%DVT; 0.53%PE). Operative duration 88 +/− 34mins (mean +/− 1S.D); in those with VTE, duration was 35, 90&85min. There is no statistically significant difference (p=0.18) observed between our local and national VTE incidence rates. Operative duration was not a significant factor in those developing VTE. Additional risk factors were identified in one patient with VTE.
Discussion
The incidence of heparin induced thrombocytopenia is 0.5%, its associated mortality 10% (i.e. 1:2000). To prevent one fatal PE in foot & ankle surgery, 10,000 must receive VTE prophylaxis. Therefore, heparin associated mortality exceeds VTE associated mortality in foot & ankle surgery.
Conclusion
Our local VTE rates are comparable to national rates. Risk of pharmacological prophylaxis exceeds benefit; therefore routine use not justified. Individual risk should be assessed; higher risk patients may benefit.
