Abstract
The primary purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the impact of physical and mental well-being on a successful return to work after cartilage or ligament knee injury. A secondary purpose was to examine the effectiveness of our program regarding ordering imaging (plain X-rays, US, MRI, CT scan), and the impact that costly investigations made in clinical management.
Workers who had sustained a work-related knee injury and were assessed at the lower extremity specialty clinic of our hospital program were followed up until they were discharged. All patients completed the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) on the initial assessment and at final follow-up.
We included 30 patients, mean age, 50(9), 11(37%) females, 19(63%) males. The most common mechanisms of injury were twisting (13, 45%) and falls (12, 41%). The knee injuries included 10 anterior collateral ligament (ACL), 3 posterior collateral ligament (PCL), 19 medical and lateral ligament injuries, and 22 meniscus injuries with some injuries overlapping. Ten patients (30%) underwent surgery (8 meniscectomy, two ligamentous repairs).
Patients showed improvement in pain scores (p<0.0001) and the LEFS scores (p=0.004). Seventeen patients (57%) returned to full-time work and 11 (37%) were not working at the time of discharge with one patient performing part-time work, and one on re-training. Higher levels of pre (p=0.02) and post-treatment (p=0.03) depression and post-treatment anxiety (p=0.02) had a negative impact on a successful return to work. Most clients had proper investigations ordered by their family physicians in the community (24 plain x-rays, 11 US, and 21 MRI). Our team ordered only 6 plain x-rays and 6 new MRI.
We found significant improvement in pain and disability in injured workers who received an expedited multidisciplinary care. Anxiety and depression were the most important predictors of poorer recovery and a less successful work status. The judicious use of costly imaging is expected to reduce the overall health care cost of an injury, while providing new important information such as adding a new diagnosis or changing the management.
