Abstract
Introduction
External fixation (EF) devices are commonly used in the management of complex skeletal trauma, as well as in elective limb reconstruction surgery for the management of congenital and acquired pathology. The subsequent removal of an EF is commonly performed under a general anaesthetic in an operating theatre. This practice is resource intensive and limits the amount of operating theatre time available for other surgical cases. We aimed to assess the use of regional anaesthesia as an alternative method of analgesia to facilitate EF removal in an outpatient setting.
Materials & Methods
This prospective case series evaluated the first 20 consecutive cases of EF removal in the outpatient clinic between 10/06/22 to 16/09/22. Regional anaesthesia using ultrasound-guided blockade of peripheral nerves was administered using 1% lidocaine due to its rapid onset and short half-life. Patients were assessed for additional analgesia requirement, asked to evaluate their experience and perceived pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
Results
Twenty patients were included in the study. The mean age was 46.6 years (range 21–85 years). Two thirds were male patients (N=13). Post procedure all patients indicated positive satisfaction ratings, each participant responding as either ‘satisfied’ (N=4), ‘very satisfied’ (N=15) or ‘highly satisfied’ (N=1). In addition, 85% of participants reported they would opt for this method of EF removal in future should it be necessary. VAS for pain immediately following completion of the procedure was low, with an average score of 0.45 (range 0–4), where a score of 0= ‘No pain’, and 10 = ‘worst pain possible’.
Conclusions
We present the first description of outpatient EF removal using sole regional anaesthesia, with a prospective case series of 20 EF removed in fully awake patients. This novel technique is cost-effective, reproducible, and safe. This not only reduces the burden of these surgical cases on an operating list but also improves patient experience when compared to other forms of conscious sedation. By eliminating the use of Entonox and methoxyflurane for sedation and analgesia, this project demonstrates a method of improving environmental sustainability of surgery, anaesthesia and operating theatres.
