Abstract
Aim
Posttraumatic pelvic-osteomyelitis is one of the most serious complications after pelvic-fractures. The necessary extensive surgical debridement as part of interdisciplinary treatment is complicated by the possible persistence of pelvic instability. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome and outline the course of treatment after early posttraumatic pelvic bone infections due to type-C pelvic ring injuries.
Method
In a retrospective cohort study (2005–2015) all patients with pelvic-osteomyelitis within six weeks of surgical stabilization of a type-C pelvic-fracture were assessed. Microbiological results, risk factors, course of treatment and functional long-term outcome using the Orlando-Pelvic-Score were analyzed.
Results
A total of 18 patients (age 43.7 years; Body-Mass-Index 27.9 kg/m2; ASA-physical-status 1.8; Injury-Severity-Score 38) developed a pelvic-osteomyelitis within an average of 27 days after internal surgical stabilization of a type-C pelvic injury (AO-type C1: 10, C2: 4, C3: 4). Os pubis was affected in 7 and Os ilium in 11 cases. In addition to the pelvic-fracture, major vascular injuries occurred in 8, nerve injuries in 9, and intestinal and/or bladder ruptures in 11 cases. In 14 cases a mass transfusion was necessary. In addition to clinical signs of inflammation, (10 × redness, 12 × wound secretion, 6 × fistula) elevated levels of c-reactive-protein (7.7 mg/dl) and white-blood-cells (10.5/nl) were found. Bacterial cultures harvested during the initial surgical revision demonstrated mixed cultures in 17/18 cases, with an average of 3 different organisms isolated per case (61% intestinal bacteria). During the scheduled repetitive debridement a reduction of the initial mixed cultures into a single organism was observed. Overall 6.8 surgical interventions, including implant removal, were necessary until osteomyelitis was eradicated. In no cases was re-osteosynthesis performed. In 6/18 cases recurrence of infection occurred after an average of 5 months, followed by an additional repetitive debridement. An average 3-year-follow-up after the initial osteomyelitis-diagnosis demonstrated eradication of infection in 17/18 cases combined with an Orlando-Pelvic-Score of 21.9 points (best possible function: 40 points). Despite significant pelvic malalignment the ability to walk was achieved in all patients, with one exception due to a spinal cord injury.
Conclusions
Despite no new surgical stabilization of the initial unstable pelvic injury, the early removal of implants combined with extensive debridement and antibiotic therapy led to sufficient long-term outcomes in patients with early posttraumatic pelvic-osteomyelitis. In particular, due to the severity of the initial injury and the complex interdisciplinary approach, early diagnosis of the osteomyelitis is essential.
