SALVAGE ARTHRODESIS FOR FAILED TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY: MEDIUM-TERM RESULTS IN EIGHTEEN ANKLES

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiographic and subjective outcome after salvage arthrodesis for failed total ankle arthroplasty (TAA), with a focus on salvage in inflammatory joint disease (IJD).

Methods: Between 1994 and 2005, salvage arthrodesis for failed mobile-bearing TAA was performed in 18 ankles. Primary diagnosis was IJD 15 and osteoarthritis 3. Tibiotalar fusion was performed in 7 and tibiotalocalcaneal fusion in 11 ankles (in 9 out of these, the subtalar joint was already ankylosed). Serial radiographs were studied retrospectively by an independent observer for time to union. Clinical outcome at latest follow-up was measured by the AOFAS score, by the Foot function Index and by VAS scores for pain, function and satisfaction.

Results: Blade plates were used in 7 ankles, all united. Nonunion developed in 7 IJD ankles stabilized by either a nail or screws or multiple K-wires. Revision arthrodesis was done for 4 nonunions, 3 were successful. Eleven patients (8 fused ankles, 3 nonunions) were available for clinical evaluation. At follow-up, their mean AOFAS score was 62.4; mean overall FFI was 70.1; VAS for pain was 20.1, for function 64.3, for satisfaction 73.8.

Conclusions: Blade plate fixation is successful in salvage ankle arthrodesis. An high nonunion rate was found after salvage ankle arthrodesis in IJD with other methods of fixation. Several publications on primary arthrodesis also show an elevated nonunion rate in IJD. Clinical results were relatively good. The three non-unions in follow-up had subjective results similar to the fused ankles.