ADULT HAEMATOGENOUS MRSA SPONDYLODISCITIS

Abstract

Introduction: MRSA spondylodiscitis is an increasingly common phenomenon. Despite this there is very little reported on it.

Objectives: Our objective was to present relevant demographics, clinical presentations and outcomes for this condition from our institution.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients presenting over a six year period from 2000 to 2005.

Results: 13 cases were identified. The mean age was 65 years (range 36–92), 85% were male. All cases presented with back pain, spinal tenderness and systemic upset. Neurological deficit was present initially in 38% and a further 8% developed neurological deterioration during treatment. The thoracic spine (53%) was most commonly affected followed by the lumbar (33%), thoracolumbar junction (7%) and cervical spine (7%); 16% of cases were multilevel. The WCC, ESR and CRP were elevated in all cases with means of 17.3 ×10-9/L, 102 mm/hr and 236 mg/L respectively. In cases cured of infection, the WCC, ESR and CRP normalised at a mean of 10 weeks, 14 weeks and 19 weeks respectively. Radiological diagnosis was established with MRI in all cases. The most common risk factors were diabetes mellitus (62%), mal-nourishment (54%), cirrhosis (31%), end stage renal failure (15%) and intravenous drug use (15%). Multiple risk factors were present in 76% of cases and 15% had no identifiable risk factors. The main sources of sepsis were intravenous catheters (23%), urinary tract (15%) and intravenous drug use (15%). In cases cured of infection treatment consisted of intravenous vancomycin mono-therapy for a mean period of four weeks followed by oral combination or monotherapy antimicrobials for a mean period of 8 weeks. Operative intervention was required in 38% of cases. At six months 54% of cases were clinically free of infection, 38% had died and 8% required ongoing treatment. Neurological deficit was present in 50% of survivors. At one year 29% of survivors suffered from MRSA bacteraemia and spondylodiscitis recurrence.

Conclusion: This is a devastating condition. Clinical suspicion should remain high and prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential.