OUTCOMES OF HIGH-ENERGY TIBIAL PLATEAU FRACTURES: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate early and late perioperative complications and long term quality of life outcomes in patients having undergone immediate open reduction and internal fixation of acute high-energy tibial plateau fractures (AO C3).

Methods: Retrospective review of 70 AO C3 tibial plateau fractures managed with immediate open reduction and internal fixation at the Vancouver General Hospital from December 1987 to April 2004. Chart and database review was conducted for early and late perioperative complications, and patients were surveyed using three quality of life instruments: SF36, SMFA, and WOMAC.

Results: 3(4.3%) patients had died at the time of follow-up. Of the remaining 67, 49(73%) could be located and were contacted for follow-up. 28 of the 49 subjects (57%) completed the mail-out surveys (20 male, 8 female). Mean age of respondents at time of follow-up was 45.2±9.0 years. 10(36%) patients were pedestrians or cyclists struck by cars, 9(32%) were injured as a result of a fall, 5(18%) were motor vehicle collisions, 2(7%) were sustained by a direct blow, and 2(7%) were sustained by twisting mechanisms. Mean time from injury to OR was 56.0+84.3 hours. Duration of follow-up was 8.9+5.3 years. 4(14%) patients had open fractures. Fixation methods included immediate ORIF with a single plate in 24(86%) cases, dual plating in 3(11%) cases, and screws alone in one (3%) case. ISS and LOS scores were 11.4+6.8 and 15.7+8.0 respectively. One patient (3%) experienced an early perioperative complication of excessive soft tissue tension post ORIF requiring delayed skin closure. Late perioperative complications included 9(32%) cases of painful hardware, 2(7%) non-unions, 2(7%) superficial infections, 1(3%) osteomyelitis and 1(3%) mal-union. No patients required amputation. SMFA and WOMAC scores were 55.3+9.6 and 29.44+23.22. SF36v scores were 40.6+10.4(PCS) and 45.1+15.8(MCS).

Conclusions: Immediate open reduction and internal fixation with careful attention to soft tissues can be a viable management option for many high energy tibial plateau fractures. Complication rates are comparable to those of delayed definitive management of these injuries.